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Paper

Storage

The supplier and publisher should agree on a minimum quantity of the publisher's paper, defined by tonnage or by number of issues, to be stored free on the supplier's premises.

The supplier will be responsible for storing this under suitable conditions. The supplier and publisher should agree which of them has responsibility for insuring the publisher's paper while it is on the supplier's premises.

Advice procedure

Details of the paper supplied by the publisher should be given to the supplier before delivery. The advice note should specify the quantity, the title and the publisher for which it is intended, and the paper should be clearly identified as being the property of the publisher. When the supplier receives the paper they should, in addition to reporting any discrepancies or damage, confirm the storage address.

Paper supplied on the reel

Before ordering the paper, the publisher should confirm with the supplier the full specification of the type and size of reel core required, including width and maximum diameter.

Each reel should be clearly identified and the information provided on each reel label should be discussed with the supplier. Minimum requirements: mill name, batch number, publisher, title, direction of unwind, metreage, date of making, weight, substance, reel width.

The publisher should instruct the paper supplier to ensure that the end wrapping is flat, so that the reels can be stored correctly on end, that documentation giving full details of each consignment is sent when the reels are delivered and that delivery dates are arranged with the supplier. It is the supplier's responsibility to ensure that reels are handled and stored efficiently.

The publisher should agree with the supplier the basis on which spoilage will be calculated (for example length, numbers of cut-offs, weight and the amount of waste off reels). There should be agreement that the amount of waste which is taken off reels should be kept to a maximum number of millimetres / kilos.

Defective material

When running paper, the supplier should advise the publisher of any defective material as soon as they are aware of it and should keep evidence.

Spoilage

Spoilage allowances
The supplier should specify in his quotation the quantity of paper to be supplied. A spoilage allowance for printing should be included in his calculations.

Guidelines for paper spoilage
It is impossible to give guidelines that will be applicable in all circumstances. Different types of press will result in significant variations. There are also problems that arise from week to week. Points of consideration include:

• length of run;
• number of colours per section, number of webs;
• type of binding;
• weight and standard (ie coated or uncoated);
• additional processes such as lamination, varnishing etc;
• quality of the final product;
• age of equipment.

Waste agreements normally specify a number of cut-off / sheets for make-ready and a percentage for running. The total number of sheets / cut-offs is then specified as a percentage. Waste is used to make-ready in the bindery.

The spoilage allowance must be agreed between the two parties prior to the start of the contract. It is essential that suppliers and publishers are constantly vigilant to ensure that paper is not wasted by carelessness. Publishers sometimes agree with suppliers that when wastage levels are lower than those agreed, the value of any savings should be shared.

The figures that follow are based on the printing of a magazine of medium quality using the same coated paper throughout the run, including binding spoilage. They should not be used as a criterion for complex production, for high quality magazines (where the spoilage may be necessarily higher), for tabloid newspaper-format publications where less critical quality may be acceptable or for production involving complicated binding requirements.

Start up waste represents the number of sheets or cut-off spoilt up to the first good copy. Running waste represents a percentage of copies normally spoilt in the printing, folding and binding process. Running waste normally reduces as print runs increase.

Example of web offset spoilage calculations

In order to get 30,000 good copies, a total of 37,000 copies will need to be produced, a spoilage allowance of 23.3 per cent being required on the print order of 30,000.

In order to get 8,000 good copies, a total of 9,250 copies will need to be produced, a spoilage allowance of 19 per cent being required on the print order of 8,000.

Any problems arising from the quality of paper stocks should be notified to the publisher immediately and discussions held to negotiate revised paper spoilage rates.